Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO) DCF Valuation
VOO DCF: $6.8B TTM distributions, $525/share, S&P 500 at 0.03% ER.
ETF valuation methodology
TTM distributions as fund cash-flow proxy. Identical methodology to SPY but lower ER flows support higher NAV retention.
ETF — Broad Market · Founded 2010 · Beta 1.00
Vanguard S&P 500 ETF
Current price: $525.40 · Market cap ≈ $672.5B
VOO holds the same 500 stocks as SPY but at 1/3 the expense ratio. TTM distributions ~$6.8B (yield ~1.0%). Outflows from SPY to VOO ongoing as cost-conscious investors migrate. Functionally identical holdings.
DCF Valuation Inputs
High-growth phase
Decay/growth normalization
Perpetual (≤ WACC)
Must be > terminal growth
in millions
Enterprise Value
$150M
Equity Value
$150M
Per Share
$0
Upside / (Downside)
-100.0%
PV of explicit FCF
$33M
Terminal value
$173M
PV of terminal
$118M
Terminal % of EV
78.2%
| Year | Growth | FCF ($M) | Discount Factor | PV ($M) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | base | $7 | 1.000 | — |
| 1 | 8.0% | $7 | 0.926 | $7 |
| 2 | 6.0% | $8 | 0.857 | $7 |
| 3 | 6.0% | $8 | 0.794 | $7 |
| 4 | 6.0% | $9 | 0.735 | $6 |
| 5 | 6.0% | $9 | 0.681 | $6 |
| Terminal | perpetual | — | — | $118 |
Discount factor = 1 / (1 + WACC)ⁿ. Terminal value computed using the Gordon Growth Model: TV = FCF_N × (1 + g) / (WACC − g), then discounted back to present.
| g ＼ WACC | 6.0% | 7.0% | 8.0% | 9.0% | 10.0% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5% | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| 2.0% | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| 2.5% | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| 3.0% | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| 3.5% | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Highlighted cell is your current WACC × terminal-growth assumption. Cells beyond WACC ≤ g are undefined (Gordon Growth fails).
VOO DCF: At Default Assumptions
| Item | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Current price | $525.40 | Market |
| Intrinsic value (per share) | $0.12 | DCF model output |
| Upside / (Downside) | -100.0% | vs current price |
| Enterprise value | $$150M | PV of explicit FCF + terminal |
| Equity value | $$150M | EV − net debt |
| Key fact | SPY's lower-cost competitor — 0.03% vs 0.09% ER | |
Numbers reflect TTM fundamentals + default DCF assumptions (8.0% WACC, 2.5% terminal growth, 8% Year-1 growth, 6% Years 2+). Use the calculator above to run your own scenario.
VOO Sources & References
- SEC EDGAR: latest 10-K filing, 10-Q filings, and proxy statement for Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO).
- Yahoo Finance: real-time price snapshot, analyst consensus growth estimates, and 52-week range.
- S&P Capital IQ: WACC build (cost of equity via CAPM + after-tax cost of debt).
- Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED): risk-free rate for CAPM, sector beta benchmarks.
- Damodaran Online (NYU): ETF — Broad Market sector WACC and beta benchmarks for cross-validation.
DCF models for other large-caps
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Author
Maya Chen, CFA
Chartered Financial Analyst
Independently reviewed
Dr. Aaron Pak, PhD
Doctor of Kinesiology & Public Health
Last reviewed: August 12, 2026 · Next scheduled review: quarterly
Verified accuracy
Cross-checked against authoritative formulas (IRS, NIST, ACM) and updated for 2025/2026 tax years and rates.
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